What is the function of an electrical transformer?

The function of an electrical transformer is primarily to step up or step down voltage levels. A transformer operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, enabling it to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits through inductively coupled conductors.

When alternating current flows through one coil (the primary winding), it creates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in another coil (the secondary winding). The ratio of turns between the primary and secondary coils determines whether the transformer will increase (step up) or decrease (step down) the voltage.

This capability is essential for efficient power distribution. For instance, high voltage is used for transmitting electricity over long distances to minimize energy losses, and then transformers reduce the voltage to safer, usable levels for homes and businesses.

The choices relating to converting DC to AC or regulating current flow do not specifically pertain to the fundamental operation of a transformer, as those functions involve different devices like inverters or circuit regulators. Similarly, transformers do not store electrical energy; that function is typically associated with capacitors or batteries.